August 64

Undated: FS – In July and August the regiment built thirteen lines of works covering the front.

2: A – Moved to right.

3: C – Was shelled while advancing to the right. E – Moved to right six miles.

4-6: E – Were occupied in getting position in line.

4: FS – The regiment [was] in reconnaissance to the right and front. A – Advanced and fortified. B – Moved to the right (five) miles southwest of Atlanta. Built works. Advanced to skirmish line and built works. Lost one man wounded. C – The regiment in line of battle drove in the enemy skirmishers. H – Moved to the right five miles southeast of the city and built works. Advanced on the skirmish line.

5: FS – Put up works under fire from the enemy. C – Threw up works under heavy fire.

7: FS – The regiment advanced the line and put up works under a fire of musketry and artillery from the enemy. A – Advanced and fortified. Met with some opposition. C – The regiment advanced at the lines. Moved forward and under cover of night. Threw up works within 100 yards of the enemy. E – Advanced line.

8: C – Exposed to a galling fire from enemy rifle pits. E – Had one man wounded.

12: A – Moved from left to right of division three-fourths mile. E – Moved one mile to the right.

26: A – During the night evacuated works. Moved with the Army to right in rear of enemy. B – Moved to the right in direction of Jonesborough, Georgia. Took part in the engagement, which resulted in driving the enemy from their works. Lay in camp at Jonesborough, Georgia. H – Lost four men wounded. Moved to the right in direction of Jonesborough, Georgia. Took part in engagement there, which resulted in driving the enemy from their works. Lay in camp at Jonesborough, Georgia.

27: FS – Started on the move of the Army to the rear of Atlanta. E – Evacuated our works and moved in direction of Jonesborough, Georgia.

31: FS – The regiment moved out and reached the railroad about four miles north of Jonesborough. A – The company on skirmish line. Took possession Macon and Western Railroad with little opposition. B – Company B was last mustered at Jonesborough, Georgia. C – The regiment cut the Macon Railroad; fortified and held its position. E – Advanced to Macon Railroad and fortified. Had a small skirmish. H – Company H was last mustered at Jonesborough, Georgia.

Nelson Diary

Monday, August 1, 1864

The rebs favor us with a few 64 lb’ers, nobody damaged. Our batteries open on Atlanta. Received letters from Henry N., Maria C. + Tom P. Report to Capt. Milburn to appear before board of commission. Wrote to sister Jennie by Q.M. P. Darkie returned.

Nelson Diary

Tuesday 2

All remained quiet, but very little firing. No mail. I wrote to Aunt P., Maria C. + Evan Baird. Was not sent for by Capt. Milburn as expected. Called at 10th Ky. Don’t know when I remember a more quiet day along the line.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Atlanta

Camp near Atlanta Ga

August 2d 1864

My Dear Little Wife

I am in hopes that my regiment will re-enlist as that will entitle us to a leave of absence for thirty days any time after the end of this month. I do not know what they intend to do.

Nelson Diary

Wednesday 3

Moved from the position we had been occupying for a week past. Marched several miles passing the 15, 16, 17 + 23rd A.C.s. Got lost in woods, whole brigade. Rec’d letters from sister J. + Allie.

Nelson Diary

Thursday, August 4, 1864

After we got into line last night, worked till past midnight on entrenchments. Lay very quiet till toward evening when we assisted in a charge through the woods, shells + bullets whistle close.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Atlanta in 2 Aug Letter

Aug 4th

Had a lively time today – lost but one man however. We are so far from the R.R. that the mails are irregular. I am well, little woman.

Your loving husband

Cale

Nelson Diary

Friday 5

Advance to the line between 3rd Brig. + 23rd A.C. Lt. Col. Baker, 74 Ind. killed. Regt builds breastworks. Myself + Co’s. go on picket. Rec’d letter from Julia. Wrote to sister J.

Private S. Weaver Letter to his Sister from near Atlanta

Camp in the field. Aug. the 6th "64.

Miss Sarah J. Weaver

Dear Sister:

I received your welcome letter July 24th, two days ago and was very much pleased to hear from you. I would have written sooner but have been very unwell and we have been marching and building earth works. Sometimes we have to work nearly all night – we have moved to the right again. Since I wrote my last letter we are trying to flank the Rebels on the right. I dont know whether we will make it or not. We have been fighting the Rebels right smart for a day or so, - we keep gaining on them – our brigade drove their skirmish line yesterday and captured nearly all their’e skirmishers, and we have got our lines in the shape of a horse-shoe, around Atlanta – there was two wounded in our regiment to-day, one in the hip and the other in the thigh – they were hit by sharp-shooter. Well Jane – I don’t know what to write – Oh yes I want you to send me some patent thread, be sure and don’t forget it. I received the papers and pamphlet also, the mail is going out now, and I have not time to write any more.

Sam. Weaver.

Nelson Diary

Saturday 6

Were relieved from p. about daylight, but C, E, F work on breastworks. Fighting in evening on the left. Heavy rain. Bullets whistle close all day, have to be careful.

Nelson Diary

Sunday, August 7, 1864

My two companies were ordered back to third line of works. In afternoon, we went to front line again. The Brig. on our left charged across the field in front. Shell and bullets flew thick. Advanced to skirmish line + built breastworks, working all night.

Monday 8

Had to remain pretty close in our ditch or risk being shot. Lt. King mortally wounded and several others shot. It rained + made our ditch a miserable place. Were relieved about dark + were nearly exhausted.

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Private A. Bartley to his Parents from Nashville

August 9th 1864

General Hospital No. 3 Nashville Tenn

Dear Father + Mother

I once more send you a few lines to let you no that I am not verry stout at present. I hop when thes few lines reatches you they will find you all in good health. I would like to have a letter frome you. I have bin a looking ever day for a letter but I have never receive one yet frome you. I will try and git a furlowe as soon as I am paid of[f] here witch I think will not be many days till I git my pay. rite + tell me how uncle Jaimes folks are a gitting a long. tell uncle Dave + Aunt Nancy that I will not rite to them any more till they rite to me. The fair [fare] here at the hospital is verry rought. I git better grub in camp then what I git here. The sick in the hospital are gitting a long verry well. I give my best respecks to all enquiring friends. Rite as sone as you receive this letter.

Frome Alfred Bartley

To father + Mother

Nelson Diary

Tuesday 9

Got a good night’s rest last night and rested all day. Today wrote to John and Allie. Received letters from John and Ada. Were ordered to be ready to go on front line early in morning.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Macon R.R.

Camp near R. R. Macon

August 9th 1864

My Dear Little Wife

Your favors of August 3d also one from Cleveland containing Baby’s picture, I have received but could not answer until today. We have been working and fighting for the last week – last night was the first full night’s rest my regiment has had for six nights. I have lost seven men and one officer mortally wounded in the last two days. We are all muddy dirty and pretty well used up generally. I am glad you have gone to Harrisburg for I think the variety will be a benefit to you. Of course little wife I donot think you are at all to blame about the baby. Why did Mrs. Clarke think if baby had lived through this year he would not through next year. What did she think was the trouble with him. His picture I donot recognize. In fact I remember him best in his red cloak and when he was mad at me for shaking him about. Merrill is at Chattanooga and I received a letter from him about $25.00 I gave him to purchase a saddle for me last year. I have sent him your address and directed him to send it to you. If you want any more write to Father – he has some of my money and it is as well for you to ask him when you want it. If there is any danger of a raid on Harrisburg you had better return to Cleveland. I think Ned is a Captain and am glad he is satisfied with his trip a little field service will do him good - Very little news here. We are about six miles from Atlanta striking I suppose for the Macon R. R. but are not on it yet. We have been troubled with the rain for the last few days. My regiment was relieved last night from a work we had made within three hundred yards of the Rebels line – in some places we had to dig down fifteen feet to cover ourselves as the rebel position commanded ours – in leaving the men had to run out one at a time and get shot at several times before they could get under cover. I am now writing behind the third line of breastworks and the bullets pass over every few moments. It is a wonder more men are not hurt. Give my love to the family. Write often little wife – I have to leave now –

Your loving husband

Cale

Nelson Diary

Wednesday, August 10, 1864

Went on front line early this morning. Were but a short distance from the rebels and could plainly see them and they us. No firing along our part of line. Was relieved before dark.

Nelson Diary

Thursday 11

Got another good night’s rest, also rested all day. In evening went on front line again, but were relieved about 11 p.m. Our Brig. ordered to the right. Mailed letters to John + Allie. Wrote to Ada Cook.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Atlanta

Camp near Atlanta Ga

August 11th 1864

My Dear Little Wife

No letter from you today – dont fail to write every other day, every day would not be too often for me to hear from you. I cannot write often but write whenever I can get an opportunity. We have been working very hard for the last few days. In fact so hard that I was rather afraid that we would have trouble with our men. The duty is a little easier now – I was in hopes my regiment could reenlist so that I could get a leave, but they will not be allowed to do so.

Exercise your own judgment about wearing mourning. I have no objection to it. I was rather surprised to hear that you were in Harrisburg as I did not hear of your going. I think the change will do you good.

About my being good, I have but little time to learn how at present. I rarely ever see my valise once in ten days. A couple of blankets is about all I can transport. It is two weeks since I saw my Regimental waggon. It is now a half mile behind the third line of breastworks and even there is in reach of the rebel artillery.

Baby look as though he was asleep in his picture. I did not think it was a good picture when I first saw it but it looks more like him the more I look at it, but of course he must have changed a good deal since I saw him. As you say it has been a year of changes for us. Genl. Howard told me the other day that I looked like a middle aged man. I begin to feel old and used up – though I think a few weeks rest would make me feel young again. What queer things human beings are. Five rebels deserted and came in to us yesterday. Yet not two hours before they killed one of my officers and wounded three of my men – While writing I can see on my left about six hundred yards off the white shirts of the Rebels mixed with the blue coats of our men between the lines chatting and trading tobacco – not three hundred yards on my right is our battery throwing shells into the rebel works and the sharpshooters popping away at each other. Stray bullets whizzing by every few moments, one passed a few moments ago while I was writing to Rhoda and killed a man asleep in his tent three hundred yards in rear of us. Our main lines are so near now that both parties can shoot from their works into the enemy’s – At night the men shout across to each other. I hope this campaign will end soon. It seems as though the rebels must give up Atlanta soon, they cannot stand the pressure here much longer. You may be sure I will send for you whenever it is possible to do so.

Send me some postage stamps little woman.

Your loving Husband

Cale

Nelson Diary

Friday 12

After a tedious march of two or three miles arrived at this place at daylight. Relieved the 2nd Div. Are very close to the rebs. Had a heavy artillery duel, rebs came off 2nd best. Rec’d letter from Marie.

Nelson Diary

Saturday, August 13, 1864

All very quiet except in front of Davis’ Division. I went on picket in charge of Brig. line. Relieved Capt. Inskeep, 17 O.V.I.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Atlanta

Camp near Atlanta Ga

August 13th 1864

My Dear Little Wife

Your letters are getting too big a package to carry in a shirt pocket so I think I shall have to put some of them in my valise. Until today I have carried them night and day. One of my officers died this morning he was wounded on the morning of the 8th. We were all asleep having just finished a work that had taken nearly all night to build. As it began to get light the enemy above and not three hundred yards from us commenced disturbing our slumbers. Shortly after Lt. King was hit one of the sleeping men was awakened by the pain of eight wounds. The noise he made awakened the Adjutant and myself – We were sleeping in full view but fortunately they did not notice us until we commenced moving and then did not hit us. Mr. King was quite young not eighteen. His Mother wrote to me a few days ago to take care of him and now I have to write her a letter of condolence and hard work I find it.

Have you heard and if so are you not surprised that Genl. Casey should marry again and particularly a lady as young as Miss Gordon – did you ever meet her. She is a Washington lady and lived on "I" Street. I suppose you will be indignant to learn that Stetson is again out of the field. He was placed on Hooker’s staff the day before the General was relieved and of course accompanied him North. I do not understand why the Army Gazette does not come. I wrote for it a long time ago. The story just received now is that a few hours ago a rebel regiment of 213 men suddenly threw down their arms and ran into our lines. – the rebels opened on them with arty – It is a pretty hard story but seems to be generally believed. I wish the rest of them would charge the same way. The next brigade on our right are popping away very lively – four of their stray bullets have barked the trees within thirty feet of my Hd. Qrts. Considering the number of projectiles thrown it is wonderful that so few men are hit. Yesterday they threw twenty shells into my camp in full view and only six hundred yards from them and with the exception of tearing two tents to pieces did no harm. This is the Rebels night for retreating (Saturday) deserters report they intend to move back to another line of works a mile and a half nearer the Rail road. We are about five miles from Atlanta and a little southwest of the City, near the Sandtown road and near a branch of a little stream called the Utoy. We have got rid of Palmer. Johnston is now in command of the Corps temporarily. It is expected that Jeff Davis will be appointed. Get a map and trace our route. [Add map in letter]

Position of our Div. The R.R. to the East and to the North are in our possession. Our raiding parties have destroyed the road to Montgomery, so the Macon Road is the only one they have to depend upon.

We have received large reinforcements (said to number at least fourteen thousand) in the last few days. I wish we could get a hundred thousand more and finish the thing up in a couple of days. My little mess chest suits me nicely. I can carry it up with the regiment – it is very convenient. I am now reading the Newcomes (by Thackery) am much pleased with it so far. I sent Charles ten dollars today and directed him to leave my things with Capt. Brayton in Louisville.

You know it would please me if you joined the church and I should prefer the Episcopal but that your own feelings should decide. Do not join though if you think you will wish to withdraw. that is do not join unless you feel fully satisfied upon every point and consider it a necessary duty. Nothing would give me more pleasure than to know that you were a Christian little woman.

Give my love to the family. The pipe George gave me had a narrow escape – one of those little pistol cartridges got into my tobacco and I put it into the pipe without noticing it. It exploded knocking a piece of the top of the pipe off – fortunately it was not pointed towards my face or it might have injured me seriously.

Nelson Diary

Sunday 14

On picket all day. No firing on our line. I met Capt. Redwine and Lieut. McKibben of 30^th Ga. Vol. between the lines and had a long talk. Relieved in evening.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter from near Atlanta in 13 Aug Letter

Aug. 14th. The rebels did not leave last night according to the proposed plan. I am glad of it for it gives us another days rest. I have a very nice horse now, changed the mare for it, the only objection is its color – a cream – I have to ride to Division Hd.Qrts. on duty soon. Write often my little wife.

Your loving husband

Cale

Capt. Nortons regt. relieved mine the night we came here. Dont worry little wife. I know you could not help the little boy’s death. Of course you feel it more than I do for I had seen so little of him and being away from home with plenty to occupy my mind.

Nelson Diary

Monday 15

Nothing of particular importance transpired. I wrote Marie T. and Rose Forester. "?ville Allin Co. Ind." Cleaned up.

Nelson Diary

Tuesday, August 16, 1864

All quiet along the line. Laid out and cleaned up regular camp. Move back over the 2nd line of works.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Atlanta

Camp near Atlanta Ga

August 16th

My Dear Little Wife

Your kind favors of August 7th and 9th arrived yesterday. I wrote to Ned yesterday and enclosed the letter to you to be directed. I suppose you were disgusted to find such a thick letter was not for you, but I did not have time to write to you. I think it doubtful about your receiving this as it is reported that Forrest is in our rear at Dalton and has torn up the track there. The Rebels still continue to desert however. Our Division received twenty four and one officer last night. We have supplies for a couple of months so the break in the rear wont hurt but it is unpleasant to have our mail interfered with. I would like to come home but if I should resign how would we live. You cannot live with Father and it is still worse for me. I dont see any opening unless I relieve Billy at your Fathers. How would that suit you. Not very well I fancy. I wrote to Rhoda the other day not being aware of her absence. Where are they going to.

I am glad you have a bible class I hope it will interest you – I am now pleased with baby’s picture but did not like it at first. I am not low spirited and you must not think so because I grumble to you. The fact is I have no one for a confidant here and must growl to somebody so I write them to you and feel relieved by it. Last year you know I had Crook and poor Jones to grumble with now I am alone – Your feeling towards Mattie is natural. In trouble we always compare our condition with others, and think they are better treated than we. Do you think Rhoda’s case will result as you intimated. How is that trouble of yours. Let me know if Merrill sends you that money. It is expected that we will be paid in a day or two provided nothing new occurs. Reese I have seen but twice he visited me than I him. Hazen has not been to see me and I am on my dignity and wont call on him until he comes here. If I was with you I should abuse the Penn. Militia – but it is hard work to argue the point by letter. Has Rachel decided what she will be if the rebels succeed. Will she be governess in a Rebel family or a maid of all work – Give my love to the family – and you may kiss Mattie for me - Col. Glenn was not one of the fortunate ones in the exchange of prisoners at Charleston, S.C.

No bullets this way since yesterday morning when one struck a post in my bower and warned me that it was time to rise for breakfast.

Your loving husband

Cale

Nelson Diary

Wednesday 17

All quiet until toward evening, heard heavy fighting on the right and a battery in our front threw shell or two. Cleaned camp and had inspection. Wrote to Aunt P + Sister Jennie.

OR, I, Series 72, Vol 38/1, pp. 778-780. Extract. 31st Ohio, 17 Aug Report on Atlanta Campaign with 89th

FROM: F. W. LISTER, Lieut. Col., Comdg. Thirty-first Ohio Vet. Vol. Infty. Hdqrs. Thirty-First Ohio Vet. Vol. Infantry, Near Atlanta, Ga., August 17, 1864.

TO: Capt. W. B. CURTIS, Asst. Adjt. Gen., 1st Brig., 3d Div., 14th Army Corps.

CAPTAIN: … On the 19th [July] was ordered out, "stripped for action ;" advanced on Peach Tree Creek and reconnoitered for a crossing; in the evening was ordered to cross the creek, following the Eighty-ninth Ohio and Eighty-second Indiana; crossed without loss and fortified during the night. … On the 24th [July] was detached with Eighty-ninth Ohio, Colonel Carlton commanding, in support of General King's brigade, of Johnson's division; constructed works on the second line, and had orders to re-enforce any attacked point; was exposed to heavy artillery fire from the 23d to the 30th, the 64 and 20 pounders having a perfect range on the camp. …

Nelson Diary

Thursday 18

Firing commenced. We were ordered to the ditches. Prospect of moving soon. Built another line of abatis. Wrote to sisters A + Jennie + Aunt Phebe. No mail for several days.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Atlanta

Camp near Atlanta Ga

August 18th 1864

My Dear Little Wife

No letter since yours of the 9th. The R.R. is the trouble doubtless. Six miles of the track was torn up at Dalton Ga. The rebels were driven away from there very soon. It has been a wonder to all of us that they have interfered so little with our communications. We have enjoyed a rest for several days, no firing of any account in our front in the meantime. They pitched a shell into our camp yesterday. It astonished us as we had not had one thrown in this direction for several days.

I was at Corps Hd.Qrts. night before last and found that Col. Von. had gone to Chattanooga on a ten days leave.

Reese is about five miles from here and Hazen about twelve. I have not seen either of them for several weeks. We get but little news. It is reported this morning that the rebels are moving to try and flank us so there is a continual popping along the line in place of the quiet we have had for several days. It is more exciting but not so agreeable – It sounds very much like chopping wood. Very little Arty. has been used so far. We are in the front line of breastworks, the skirmishers however are doing all the work a bullet occasionally passes over us and proceeds as though it was in a hurry.

[letter continued on 20 Aug 64]

OR, I, Series 72, Vol 38/1, pp. 783-784. Extract. Carlton Report, 18 Aug on Atlanta Campaign

FROM: C. H. CARLTON, Colonel Eighty-ninth Ohio Infantry. Hdqrs. Eighty-Ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, August 18, 1864.

TO: Capt. W. B. CURTIS, Asst. Adjt. Gen., 1st Brig., 3d Div., 14th Army Corps.

SIR: I have the honor to transmit the following report of the movements of the Eighty-ninth Ohio from June 1 to August 6, 1864: June 1, the regiment formed part of the guard for the department ammunition train. June 2, moved about two miles on the road to Pumpkin Vine Creek; bivouacked for the night. 3d, moved about two miles; crossed Pumpkin Vine Creek and bivouacked. June 5, moved about three miles; bivouacked near Burnt Church. June 7, moved eastward; cross railroad; pass through Acworth; bivouacked one and a half miles south of Acworth. June 10, regiment and brigade relieved from train guard; moved five miles on Marietta road; join our division. June 11, moved one mile to the left; bivouacked at midnight. June 12, move one-half mile to the left; halt in reserve line; heavy skirmishing in front; bivouacked for night. June 17, moved to the left toward Kenesaw; throw up works. June 18, advanced within a few hundred yards of the rebel works, having moved three-fourths of a mile; put up works. June 19, enemy having evacuated in the night, we move forward one and a half miles; bivouacked in second line for the night near Kenesaw. June 20, regiment on skirmish line; heavy firing all day. June 21, relieved from skirmish line and take position in first line of works. June 22, moved at dark short distance to the right; took up position in second line of works. June 26, moved at dark one and a half miles to the right; bivouacked for the night. June 27, moved to the right three-fourths of a mile from line, and rest on arms; enemy shelling furiously; bivouacked for the night. June 30, moved at dark to the right and front one-half mile, and relieve a portion of General Hooker's troops; bivouacked behind the works.

July 2, greater part of the regiment went on skirmish line. July 3, rebels evacuated Kenesaw in the night; we moved toward Marietta, striking the Atlanta and Marietta road to the right of that place; bivouacked for the night, having marched some five miles. July 4, advanced one-half mile; bivouacked in line. July 5, marched some five miles and bivouacked on the railroad near Chattahoochee River. July 6, threw up works. July 9, advanced our line one-half mile and threw up works. July 11, enemy having evacuated their works and crossed the river in the night, we moved to the left one mile and camped on the Atlanta road near Pace's Ferry, relieving a regiment of the Fourth Corps. July 17, cross the river on pontoons; moved three-fourths of a mile and bivouacked for the night. July 18, moved forward two miles and bivouacked. July 19, moved forward, passing the First Division; halt near Peach Tree Creek; about 6 p.m. I received orders to cross Peach Tree Creek with my regiment, to be supported by the Eighty-second Indiana. We moved down to the creek and, finding a ford, moved over; formed along the bank; deployed, moving forward on the double-quick, driving the rebel skirmishers before us; threw up slight works and remained on the skirmish line during the night. July 21, moved forward one-half mile and bivouacked in second line. July 22, enemy having fallen back to their works around Atlanta, we moved forward to within some three miles of the city and threw up works in the third line. July 23, the regiment was ordered to move to the left to the support of General King's brigade, of the First Division, Fourteenth Army Corps; moved over and built works; at dark moved back to our position in the brigade. July 25, relieved a portion of the Twenty-third Missouri in front line of works.

August 3, moved to the right about four miles, crossing Utoy Creek, taking position about 10 p.m.; worked all night on breastworks. August 4, went out on reconnaissance, covering (in conjunction with Twenty-third Missouri and Eighty-second Indiana) the flank of the Second Brigade, Third Division, Fourteenth Army Corps; moved forward about one mile, and at dark returned to our works. August 5, moved short distance to the left and front; threw up line of works on the front line, connecting the Ninety-second Ohio and right of General Hascall's division, Twenty-third Corps.

The casualties in the regiment from May 7 to August 6, 1864, are--Killed, 2 enlisted men; wounded, 1 lieutenant and 12 enlisted men.

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant.

Nelson Diary

Friday, August 19, 1864

Aroused by 2 o’clock. Ordered to leave knapsacks. By daylight, were only ¼ mile from camp where remained until about dark and returned to camp. Were supporting cavalry 38 miles off.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Atlanta [written with 18 Aug letter]

Aug. 20th. Your favor of the 11th and one from Rhonda of the same date arrived today. We are much pleased to have our mail communications open again. I have not been able to send this for the last two mornings we have moved off quietly at 2 o’clock and did not return until night. I am glad you are beginning to be interested in other people’s affairs. Write to me every day. If you can get me a corps badge I wish you would, a blue acorn. The acorn is the Corps badge and the color decides the Division 3d Div. 14 A.C. I want a small one to wear on my cap. It is required but not enforced. I shall enforce it but don’t like to until I can comply myself. Dont neglect your exercise little woman attend to it regularly. Rhoda writes that she enjoys herself at Watch Hill. I wish we were with her. Dont you. I don’t hear anything of the Paymasters. If they don’t come very soon we will have another muster and have two months more pay due. Nothing new here. Write often little wife.

Your loving husband

Cale

Nelson Diary

Saturday 20

Were aroused between 3 + 4 o’clock with same order as yesterday morning. Marched 3 or 4 miles to right of 23rd Corp and stopped behind works. It rained very hard. Returned to camp in evening. Wrote to sister J. Rec’d letter from sister J., Allie + Mary Thompson.

OR, I, Series 72, Vol 38/1, pp. 758-763. Walker, Brigade Report, 20 Aug on Atlanta Campaign

FROM: M. B. WALKER, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Hdqrs. First Brig., Third Div., 14th Army Corps, Utoy Creek, Ga., August 20, 1864.

TO: [Maj. JAMES A. LOWRIE :]

MAJOR: Early on the morning of the 7th of May this brigade, then commanded by Brig. Gen. John B. Turchin, broke up camp at Ringgold, Ga., and after a hard day's march encamped near Tunnel Hill, Ga., throwing out a picket guard of one regiment, the Thirty-first Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry. On the 8th we marched to a position opposite Buzzard Roost Gap. On the 9th, 10th, and 11th the brigade remained in camp in line of battle. On the 12th marched through Snake Creek Gap to a position two miles east, and occupied works previously built by the Army of the Tennessee. On the 13th the brigade moved into position four miles from Resaca.

On the morning of the 14th the brigade was moved to a position on the left of the division, connecting on its left with the right of the Army of the Ohio. Skirmishers were immediately thrown out, who engaged the enemy's skirmishers about 200 yards in advance of our line of battle, driving them back to the hills opposite our front, about three-fourths of a mile, the main line advancing at the same time, until the skirmishers had ascended the first line of hills. Here the firing on the skirmish line became brisk and well sustained, our line holding its position, but being unable to advance, owing to the superior strength of the enemy's line. This fact being reported by Capt. W. H Wade, the line was immediately doubled in strength and the enemy's skirmishers driven back to the second line of hills. General Turchin then gave orders to Col. M. B. Walker, Thirty-first Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry, to advance the front line of the brigade and occupy the first line of hills. This was immediately done, the second line moving at the same time, with the proper interval. Shortly after the brigade had arrived at the top of the hill it was observed that General Hascall's brigade, of General Judah's division, was moving in a double line of battle to the front, on a line of direction which brought it upon the rear of this brigade. Not understanding the nature of the movement, our lines stood fast until General Hascall's front line had passed our front line and his rear line our rear line. See map:

At this time General Baird gave the order that this brigade should advance as General Hascall's brigade advanced, and the troops were immediately ordered forward, advancing in the order they had assumed. The face of the country was very rough, rising and falling in a succession of high hills and deep gorges, covered with an almost impenetrably dense growth of timber, rendering it a very difficult matter for troops to advance in line. On reaching the second line of hills we passed our skirmish line, and were struck by the enemy's fire from their line, which had evidently been strengthened into a formidable line. The enemy also opened a heavy fire from artillery. Our lines steadily advanced, driving back the enemy, until we reached the crest of the last line of hills, from which, for the first time, we gained a view of the enemy's intrenched lines. Our advance was here to some extent checked, some of the men in the lines stopping and lying down behind the crests of the hills, but the main portion of the lines rushed down the hill and charged toward the enemy's works, under a most murderous fire of canister and shell from the enemy's batteries, as well as the musketry from their lines. Our lines suddenly found themselves confronted by a deep, narrow stream, with quicksand in places, and steep, muddy banks. The enemy's sharpshooters were posted here, but fled precipitately back to their works before our men. No assaulting column had been formed. The creek proved a bar to our advance. Our troops sprang into the creek and opened fire on the rebel lines, then within from seventy-five to one hundred yards of the enemy's works. This creek proved a protection to us and a source of great annoyance to the enemy, as we gained an enfilading fire upon one line of his works and quickly drove the troops out of this line. It then appearing that our troops had fallen back from the hills, and the number of men who had gained a protection from the creek and remained there being very small and very much exposed, Co]. M. B. Walker, being the ranking officer of the brigade present in the creek, ordered the men to fall back in single file, covering themselves the best way they could from the enemy's fire, at the same time keeping up as rapid a fire as possible from the creek, and making it difficult for the enemy to use his artillery, except from one battery, or to fire from his lines. The Seventeenth Ohio, Thirty-first Ohio, Ninety-second Ohio, and Eighty-second Indiana were in the front line, but both lines advanced to the creek, the officers and men with scarcely a single exception behaving most gallantly. Our lines were quickly reformed in good order and posted on the first ridge in front of the rebel works. In this charge and affair the brigade lost in killed 2 officers and 14 men, in wounded 7 officers and 112 men. For full particulars I refer to the reports of the regimental commanders. On the 15th the brigade moved to a position in reserve, two and a half miles from Resaca. About 10 p.m. the brigade was ordered to arms by an attack made by the enemy on our front line. During the night the enemy retreated across the Oostenaula River. On the 16th the brigade moved across the river in pursuit of the enemy. Here the Eleventh Ohio Infantry was detached from the brigade and ordered to garrison Resaca. On the 17th the brigade moved through Calhoun to a point three miles north of Adairsville. On the 18th the brigade moved, and encamped for the night four miles north of Kingston. On the 19th marched nine miles, and encamped on the railroad five miles south of Kingston. 20th, 21st, and 22d, remained in camp. On the 22d the Twenty-fourth Illinois Infantry was detached for garrison duty at Kingston. On the 23d crossed the Etowah River at Island Ford and encamped on Euharlee Creek, three miles from Euharlee. On the 24th moved one mile on the Dallas road and returned to camp. 25th, remained in camp. 26th, moved to Raccoon Ford, four miles from Burnt Hickory; ordered to return to Kingston to escort a supply train. Returned to Gillem's Bridge and encamped; threw out strong picket guards. Early the following morning sent three regiments to bring up trains from Kingston to the bridge; marched with the whole command to Raccoon Ford, on the Dallas road. 28th, moved through Burnt Hickory and encamped on Pumpkin Vine Creek, four miles southeast of Burnt Hickory. 29th, changed camp to a position one mile east of Burnt Hickory, on Pumpkin Vine Creek. 30th and 31st, remained in camp, the weather being very wet and the roads very heavy.

June 1, remained in camp, guarding train. 2d, marched two miles and encamped on Starns' Creek, three miles east of Burnt Hickory. 3d and 4th, remained in camp. 5th, marched through Burnt Church to Smith's house, eight miles from Acworth. 6th, remained in camp. 7th, marched through Acworth into camp, one mile south. 8th and 9th, remained in camp. On the 8th the Thirty-first Ohio was sent to Cartersville in charge of a supply train. On the 9th the Nineteenth Illinois Infantry was relieved from duty to be mustered out of service, the term of its enlistment having about expired. On the 10th the brigade was relieved from charge of trains and joined the division, taking a position in the line of battle near Big Shanty. On the 11th moved forward to a position one mile west of Pine Hill; at dark changed position about one mile to the left. The Eleventh Ohio relieved from garrison duty and ordered to Cincinnati, Ohio, to be mustered out of service, their term of enlistment having expired. 12th, 13th, and 14th, remained in position. On the 13th the Twenty-fourth Illinois rejoined the brigade, having been relieved from garrison duty at Kingston. On the 15th advanced to the front one mile in line of battle. The Thirty-first Ohio, having been relieved from duty with the supply train, rejoined the brigade. On the 16th moved forward half a mile to a new position, in line of battle. On the 17th moved forward in front of enemy's fortifications, occupied by French's division, of Loring's corps. On the 18th made gradual approaches to the enemy's works. 19th, enemy evacuated his works; brigade moved forward to a position in line of battle one mile west of Kenesaw Mountain. On the 20th remained in position. On the 21st moved to the right three-quarters of a mile, in line of battle. 22d, 23d, and 24th, remained in position. 25th, moved two and a half miles southeast and bivouacked in an open field. 26th, moved into position in line of battle three and a half miles south of Kenesaw Mountain. 27th, 28th, and 29th, remained in position. On the 30th took up a position in the line one-quarter of a mile to the right and front. On the 28th the Twenty-fourth Illinois Infantry was relieved from duty and ordered to Springfield, Ill., to be mustered out of service by reason of expiration of term of service. From the 17th to the 30th, inclusive though not engaged in action, the brigade was constantly exposed by night and day to the enemy's fire, and we had much hot work on the skirmish line. Our lines were constantly in close proximity to the enemy.

July 1 and 2, remained in position. On the night of the 2d the enemy evacuated Marietta. On the 3d marched through the suburbs of Marietta, on the Atlanta road, and took up a position four miles south of the town and west of the railroad. On the 4th moved about one-fourth of a mile, and took up a position in reserve. On the 5th moved to a position on the railroad ten miles from Atlanta. 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th, remained in position. On the 10th moved to Pace's Ferry, on the Chattahoochee River. The Twenty-third Missouri Infantry here joined the brigade. On the 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, and 16th remained in camp. On the 15th Brigadier-General Turchin received a leave of absence on account of sickness, and Col. M. B. Walker, Thirty-first Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry, assigned to the command by seniority. On the 17th we crossed the Chattahoochee River on pontoons, and encamped in reserve about one mile from the river. On the 18th advanced about two miles on the Atlanta road. On the 19th advanced to Peach Tree Creek; spent most of the day reconnoitering the enemy's position and skirmishing along the creek until 5 p.m. Was ordered to advance one regiment to the support of General Davis' left; ordered the Eighty-ninth Ohio, under command of Colonel Carlton, to this duty; half an hour later was directed, if possible, to cross the brigade; sent the Eighty-second Indiana in support of the Eighty-ninth Ohio, under Colonel Hunter. I would fail in my duty were I not to mention the gallant conduct of these two regiments. The enemy had a strong line of skirmishers posted on the opposite side of the stream, well protected by rifle-pits and heavy timber, which skirted the open field on the opposite bank of the stream and commanded every approach to the ford. General Davis' left brigade had been brought under a heavy fire on the right of the ford, where a very brisk fight was going on at the time Colonel Carlton led his regiment into the stream. The crossing, from the depth of the water, uneven bottom, and muddy banks, was difficult. Colonel Hunter, ever prompt to obey an order and discharge a duty, had hastened the march of his regiment, so that the head of his column reached the ford before Colonel Carlton's left was over. Both regiments bounded through the stream (which struck the men at the waist) with an alacrity and energy truly surprising. Instantly, on reaching the opposite bank, Colonel Carlton deployed his regiment, charged and drove the enemy from his rifle-pits, Colonel Hunter moving close in support. Capt. W. B. Curtis, assistant adjutant-general and chief of staff, rendered the most efficient service, being personally present to superintend the movement, and won the admiration of all who saw him by his daring gallantry. The rest of the brigade, under my own direction, was hastened forward, and the whole command crossed over. The line advanced to the edge of the timber, and works were soon constructed to protect the men. The night which followed was one of great watchfulness and care. The brigade lay exposed, but our works, under the energetic industry of officers and men, soon became too formidable for the enemy to charge, and we remained in position without anything of importance occurring during the night. Our loss in crossing was very small; for exact number I refer to accompanying reports. On the 20th we pressed forward our lines gradually, under a heavy fire from the enemy. 21st, advanced about half a mile with heavy skirmishing in front. Sent forward the Thirty-first Ohio to take and occupy a high hill on our front. This was gallantly achieved with light loss. On the 22d we marched toward Atlanta; met the enemy about two and a half miles from the city; formed a line of battle in front of the enemy's works under a sharp fire of artillery and musketry; remained in this position from the 23d to the 31st inclusive, skirmishing with the enemy, and much of the time exposed to an annoying fire from artillery planted upon the works around Atlanta.

During the time we were in this position two of my regiments, the Twenty-third Missouri and Eighty-second Indiana, deserve honorable mention for having each driven the enemy from an advanced position; captured, held, and fortified the same. The loss of the Eighty-second Indiana was trifling in this affair; that of the Twenty-third Missouri more serious. The taking of these two points rendered it an easy matter for the troops on our right (Sixteenth Corps) to gain an advanced position.

August 1 and 2, remained in camp. Early on the morning of the 3d marched to the right of the Army of the Tennessee. Late in the afternoon crossed Utoy Creek under a heavy artillery fire; advanced about three-quarters of a mile upon the enemy, driving back his skirmishers, and taking up a position from 250 to 400 yards in front of the enemy's works. We did not get into position until after dark. The night was very dark and rain fell in great quantities, rendering it very unpleasant for the men to work, but morning found us behind works of sufficient strength to enable us to repel any assault the enemy could have made. Such was the nature of our position here that it became necessary to watch our right flank vigilantly, and my brigade was placed in position almost perpendicular to the rear and right of Colonel Gleason's brigade. On the 4th sent the Eighty-second Indiana, Eighty-ninth Ohio, and Twenty-third Missouri, under Colonel Hunter, to support the Second Brigade in a reconnaissance; took the enemy's rifle-pits and captured about 30 prisoners. On the 5th advanced our skirmish line and again took the enemy's rifle-pits and captured 56 prisoners out of the works; took up an advanced position, posting the Seventeenth Ohio and Twenty-third Missouri on the right of the Second Brigade; Thirty-first, Eighty-ninth, and Ninety-second Ohio and Eighty-second Indiana on the left of the Third Brigade; advanced our lines a third time to within 200 yards of the enemy's main line. This position has been a very trying one, and our losses in gaining and holding it will be seen to be heavier than in any of our former operations except at Resaca.

I have no doubt General Turchin will furnish a report of the operations of the brigade during the time he commanded it. I have, therefore, endeavored to condense this as far as possible, but to report the operations of a single brigade through an entire campaign of over 100 days is not a work which can in justice be limited to a very small compass. To speak of the officers and men I must confine myself mainly to generalities. Where all have done so well, defying danger and disregarding hardships and privations, it would be almost invidious to point to the merits of a single man. I might occupy much space in individualizing. None, however, can consider themselves neglected where all are approbated. During the time I have commanded the brigade I have had opportunity of proving the composition of my staff. Capt. W. B. Curtis, assistant adjutant-general;Capt. M. B. W. Harman, acting assistant quartermaster; Capt. James J. Donohoe, acting commissary of subsistance; Capt. E.G. Dudley, provost-marshal; Capt. Edward Grosvenor, inspector; Capt. A. Whedon, acting aide-de-camp, have each and all discharged their duties in the most commendable manner. I would not neglect the opportunity of acknowledging my obligation to the regimental commanders of the brigade, their gentlemanly and soldier-like bearing, their willingness and zeal in the execution of all orders, their dignified deportment before their own commands, their unwearied attention to the wants and comforts of their men, their uniform cheerfulness and zealous approbation of everything done by the army, their constantly expressed desire to stop at nothing short of the full accomplishment of the entire object of the campaign, all go to place me under a debt of gratitude and to entitle them to the favor of their country. The line officers of the brigade, with but very rare exceptions, have distinguished themselves by their ability, zeal, and gallantry. Owing to the very limited number of line officers serving with the regiments, their labors have been constant, unremitting, and arduous. I cannot speak in detail of their good conduct; the limits of my report will not admit. I cannot, however, omit to mention the brilliant gallantry of Capt. Michael Stone, Thirty-first Ohio, who, on the morning of the 5th instant, in charge of the skirmish line, charged the rebel rifle-pits, taking the works and capturing 2 lieutenants and 54 non-commissioned officers and privates. The command has been well supplied throughout the campaign with all necessary quartermaster and commissary stores, Captains Harman and Donohoe being ever vigilant and active in promoting the interests of the brigade. I append a small map showing the rebel position charged by this brigade on the 14th of May, in front of Resaca, which may not be entirely accurate, being made from a pencil sketch of my own taken under disadvantageous circumstances. I forward herewith reports of the regimental commanders excepting those of the Nineteenth and Twenty-fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, which I am unable to obtain, those regiments having been mustered out of service. I also forward report of casualties, all of which are respectfully submitted.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant.

Nelson Diary

Sunday 21

Has been raining and damp all day nearly. Considerable cannonading in morning. Wrote to Allie. Mailed letter to sister Jen., Allie, sister A. and Aunt Phebe.

Nelson Diary

Monday, August 22, 1864

Are still in camp and all quiet though the report is that we move soon. I called on Capt. Milburn, 10th Ky., to agitate a board of commission and was ordered to report tomorrow.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Atlanta

Camp near Atlanta Ga

August 22d 1864

My Dear Little Wife

No mail yesterday. the report is that the Railroad has been cut again. I imagine that we have cut their road by this time, so it is a fair exchange. It is quite dull here now. We get shot at every day and shoot at them but nothing large or important going on. Jeff Davis is now our Corps Commander. He has a very good reputation as a Division Commander but has had no experience as a Corps Commander. We are pleased to get rid of Palmer any way. Kilpatrick is out on a raid. We are anxiously expecting some news from him. Col. Glenn my Lt Col. has been exchanged and has reached home. My little regiment will be overwhelmed with three field officers.

I hope little wife you are getting to partially forget your loss and will soon manage to enjoy life again. If you want any money write to Father for it. I wrote to him that if you sent to him for any to supply you from the Baby’s fund. I expected to be paid soon but it is doubtful when the paymasters will come down.

We have had cold rains for the last two or three days. But it seems disposed to get hot again this morning. My situation is not particularly pleasant. My regiment is very small only one hundred and seventy four muskets. The Brigade Commanders are rather queer. I can do as I please, but there is very little Military about the arrangement. Genl. Turchin has resigned. Col. Walker now commands but he goes home in a few days as he has been nominated for Congress. Then we are to have Col. Hunter of 82d Indiana. I don’t grumble much as I am getting lazy and it is too much exertion. We have been wandering about Atlanta for some time. I would like to know when we are to get in. The Rebel army counting Militia must now number about as large as our army. My regiment is southwest of the City and eight or nine miles from it. I intend to ride back in a day or two to our old camp and take another look at the City. It is rather a nice looking town from our old camp but I imagine that our shells have destroyed a good deal of its beauty. I don’t doubt but what we could take the town any time we wished to but except for the effect upon the people it would be of no use to us. The army is what we want to destroy, to take the city by assault would cause us heavy loss, without a compensating result. Give my love to the family. Is Capt. Hunt attentive to the fair Alice. Capt. Norton does not speak very highly of Capt. Brayton. He thinks if Brayton had wished he need not have broken down so soon. I dont know anything about it only officers in the field are apt to be envious and unjust. Who is that young officer you mentioned in one of your letters as being here. I have forgotten his name. I know only one or two of the regulars here –

Your loving husband

Cale

Nelson Diary

Tuesday 23

Still in camp where we came on the 12th inst. All pretty quiet except the artillery on the left. I appeared before the board of commission and cleared myself from being absent without leave. Wrote to Tom P. Went on picket in evening. No shooting.

Nelson Diary

Wednesday 24

On picket all day. Was relieved in evening by Capt. Adams. All very quiet except our artillery fires a little. Rec’d letter from Maria Cook and S. L. Wallace.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Atlanta

Camp near Atlanta Ga

August 24th 1864

My Dear Little Wife

Your favors of Aug. 14th & 16th arrived today. I don’t see why you do not receive my letters unless it is on account of the break in the road that was repaired in a few days so I suppose you have received them altogether before now. I am sorry you are deprived of them for when your letters do not come regularly I get indignant although I know it is not your fault. We are having quite a rest here, no duty except picket duty. Kilpatrick arrived yesterday. A number of stories are afloat about his operations though nothing official as yet. Atlanta is ours to all intents and purposes for it is under the fire of all our guns. We could knock every house in town to pieces by shelling for six hours, but it would be a waste of powder for the town is of no use to the rebels, the houses are empty and the rebel army is around it protected by their breastworks as we are by ours. The only advantage the town would be to us besides the effect upon the citizens North & South would be that we would have the houses to protect our stores from the rain. (We now have to protect them by tarpaulins) and for Hospitals, And the fact of two R.R. meeting at Atlanta. If we flank them on the right we make a serious exposure of our left and they may cut our R.R. and at the same time open the R.R. to Richmond. If we go to the left we expose our right. These flank movements are more difficult for us to make now as we have had to diminish our force in guards etc for the R.R. the farther we get from home, and the rebels as their line gets shorter to guard get stronger. Their works here are strong so they are able to hold them with a few men and stretch out as far as we do. The rebels swept the country of everything when they retreated. None of us have seen a half dozen ablebodied male citizens black or white since leaving Chattanooga. Until the last day or two we have obtained a great many deserters but now we cannot even talk to their men as their main line has orders to fire on their skirmishers and ours if seen talking together. One of the deserters, a sergeant said their General made them a speech day before yesterday, saying that "they must not desert, but be patient until the Presidential election was over that the anti-administration party, at the North had pledged itself to the South, that if they came into power they would make peace and acknowledge the independence of the South, that the South had agents in the North working for them etc." That there was a great deal of ill feeling towards the administration in the North – opposition to the draft etc. so much so that the North could not carry on the war much longer etc. Another General was heard to say that if the tobacco trade was allowed to go on between the pickets the enlisted men would make peace in a week in spite of the Devil – Still these fellows shoot to kill when we try to advance. I send you two flowers from the cotton plant. One of them was pure white when I picked it – it changed color in pressing.

I got some soft bread (first time since the last of May) and potatoes. Also learn that two hundred men (drafted) are to be sent to my regiment.

Give my respects to the family. Father used to think a great deal of Celia but never liked Emma. About the churches I would rather you would join the Episcopal as I like the services there better than in any other church, so of course would rather attend it. Still it is a matter that belief should control, so decide as your duty directs, it is only preference of mine only based on fancy, not on duty or religious feeling. Are you sure you are well. Be certain and not allow anything of that kind to become chronic. Write often little wife. I love you – In fact I think that is the reason I am so disgusted here.

Your loving husband

Nelson Diary

Thursday, August 25, 1864

Still remain in same camp as since the 12th inst. All quiet. I wrote to M. Cook. No mail. Wrote to S. L. Wallace and sent Smith’s and Stackhouse’s final statements. Rumors of a move.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Atlanta

Camp near Atlanta Ga

August 25th 1864

My Dear Little Wife

I send you a strange specimen of a bug. From its present crushed state you can hardly get a correct idea of its queer appearance when alive. Its thin body and almost invisible legs make it look like a small piece of sponge moving about on nothing.

I am now at the 1st Chapt. of the 1st Book of Chronicles. You must not scold if I am far behind you, for it is not often I have an opportunity of reading and never regularly. I do not like to carry your bible in my pocket for it would ruin it. You would hardly be able to recognize those little Volumes of Scott. The rain mud and dirt generally has changed them woefully. Read Thackerys Newcomes. I think you will like it. I had read it before, but this reading has caused almost a revolution in my opinion of him.

From slight indications I judge that we are to make an important move in a day or so. We have had a very good rest and for the health of the men a move would be desirable, as we are so near the enemy we cannot give them exercise by drills etc. I have not seen any of your acquaintances here for some time. The Band man Mr. B— I hope will not call as it is my greatest trouble to prevent the officers from associating with the men, so I would not like to set them an example the reverse of my instructions to them. Still I would not mind it particularly. About Stetson I did not hear that he resigned but that he said he would if he had not been ordered into the field.

Genl. Jeff C. Davis now commands our Corps. perhaps you remember that he is the man who killed Genl Nelson in Louisville Ky. a year or so ago. He belongs to the regular service. I am disposed to like him but do not know how he will operate.

I do not hear from Father although I have written to him several times. The mail has not arrived for today as it is not regular it may be in before night.

The castle we lived in in Columbus has been rented to the Sisters of Charity. Mrs. Lynch has gone west and the young ladies you used to watch (the Misses Carter) have left also.

Col Burbank and family are at Newport Ky. Mrs. B must be satisfied now. She growled about being sent away from there.

My love to the family. What do you think of fruit at 2.00 a can and can rarely get it at any price. Do you find much need for money now.

Your loving husband

Cale

Nelson Diary

Friday 26

Wrote to Mary Thompson and Julia. Rumors of a move still rife. After dark are ordered to get everything ready for a move and wait in the meantime. The rebs shell us a little, but I believe resulted in more scares than hurts.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Atlanta

Camp near Atlanta Ga

August 26th 1864

My Dear Little Wife

You cannot grumble about my letters for I have sent one every day for the last three days. I am now at Chapter 18 1st Book of Chronicles – it is decidedly uninteresting book. As you are probably aware. We had quite a stampede last night, a number of deserters came in and reported that the Rebels intended to assault our line during the night or today. So we were all up and waiting for them before light this morning. They did not come however and with the exception of one shell in my regiment (which barked a tree but otherwise did no injury) they have not fired upon us today. Doubtless some important operations will take place this week. We have no orders yet. Yet with a new and ambitious Corps Commander we will doubtless see our share of the work.

I wish you would send me a pipe stem six or seven inches long. You can easily send it by mail. The one I have now is very strong and getting dilapidated. I use the pipe George gave me altogether, it does not colour very rapidly, hardly at all but with the exception of the notch in the bowl (caused by the explosion) it is in a servicable condition. No mail yesterday. We expect one today however, I think if the move intimated by camp rumours is made, we shall by deprived of mails or at least they will be very irregular in their arrival and departure.

My temper is not in good condition this morning for my breakfast consisted of ham bread and coffee, as the ham was bad we could only eat the bread and coffee. So I have been hungry and cross ever since and have a prospect of remaining so most of the day.

How does George get on with his house. You have not mentioned its progress. I wish I had some of those Dutch Cakes of Mattie’s. They would supply the place of the ham.

My love to the family. You may kiss Maggie for me provided the kiss is on the mouth. Your picture receives a great deal of care now, the ring that fastened it to my chain has broken off so I have to carry it loose in my pocket as there is no way of attaching it. I wish the draft would take place so we could get enough men to finish this war this fall.

Dont worry about me little wife. I will write as often as possible.

Your loving husband

Cale

This is my last postage stamp.

Nelson Diary

Saturday 27

After lying all night in the ditches occasionally being startled by rebel shells, we received orders to march just before daylight. Left the line vacant. The rebs followed us. We stopped for the night in rear of 23rd A.C. Called to see Ed Cook, he on picket.

Sunday, August 28, 1864

Were to have reported to Gen. Thomas as train guard but got lost. Were relieved from T. guard. Marched to the rear of 4th A.C., then toward the front a mile or two. Crossed the Montgomery R.R. Stopped for the night in a very thick woods facing northeast.

Nelson Diary

Monday 29

Remained quiet all day in the bushes where we stopped last night. Some of the boys go foraging and get scared in. Wrote to Sister Jennie + Aunt Lucy.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Red Oak

Camp near Red Oak

12 miles South West of

Atlanta on Montgomery R.R.

August 29th 1864

My Dear Little Wife

No letter from you for several days – We are on a raid in the direction of Macon Ga. We have had but little trouble so far have lost a good many stragglers and worthless people of that sort. Considering the great change in the position of the greater portion of the army during one night, it is a great wonder we did not lose more. The night was dark and rainy which of course delayed us a good deal. The rebels discovered our movement and shelled our camp but I don’t think injured a single man. Our men and horses are living much better. We have plenty of corn and forage. The country is much more open than anything we have seen for months. It is a great relief to see a field and once in a while get out of the thickets.

I am well and so far our Brigade has had an easy time as we have been in reserve we have not been obliged to fortify at every halt, but have full nights sleep. We expect hard work hereafter until something is accomplished, one way or the other. Write often little wife. In haste.

Your loving husband

Cale

Corp R. Barber, Co. G, Letter to the Parents of Private S. Smith about their son’s death in battle, from Nashville

General Hospital No. 19, Ward 2

Nashville Tenn

August 30th 1864

Dear Friend Mr Smith and Family,

It is with the deepest regret and sorrow that I sit down to write you the full particulars of your Brave Boy’s deth who was killed on the 20th of July 1864 on the bank of Peach tree Creek G.a. between the hours of 10 and 11 oclock A.M. The 89th was on skirmish line in a thick woods and underbrush so that one could not see more than 50 yards each way. we advanced our line about 100 yards in the morning and came in close contact with the Rebs. we all had built little breast works of logs and from two to three would be behind them. Samuel Cremer was with your son Sam in a pit behind a log. Samuel proposed to Cremer to advance out a little peace so that they might get a shot at the Johnnys. they both advanced out some 50 yards in the bushes behind a big tree. both of them were behind one tree.

Samuel fired his gun once and while loading it Cremer asked him if he saw any thing. he said that he eather [either] shot a Reb or a paddy cloths stuffed with straw which they used to fool us with. Samuel raised his gun and was going to fire when he was hit in the back part of the head and fell ded. he never moved spoke or breathed after he was hit. he was carried back immediately and buried in a nice grave and coffin. he was buried in the honors of war and Chaplain Shinn of our Regt was present and attended to the funeral services. his grave is in an open field and on a nice little nole. we took and cut his name on a board and drove it down at the head of his grave. there will be no trouble in finding it at any time. I would sent hime home but there was no metalic coffins to be had at that time. The man that shot Samuel wasent more than 30 spaces from him and in a different direction from where he was looken and going to shoot. when I hurd Samuel was shot I never had any thing to shock me so in my life. he and I were like brothers. I couldent believe it at first but when I went to see I found it so. he had a pleasant smile on his face and looked as if he was only asleep. it was a shock to the whole Regiment. there wasent a man in the Regiment that ditent [didn’t] know him. he was one of the Bravest boys in the Regt and never was called on to do his duty without he done it with a will and like all good soldiers. the Colonel was going to pomote him for his bravery and goodness in a few days if he hatent [hadn’t] been hurt but he is in a far better place now. he is where all soldiers should go, in Heaven. he joined Church at Ringgold and became a Soldier of the Cross and he was a good Christian up to the day of his deth. I never in my life saw such a change in a young man as there was in Sam. he wanted me to join church with him. he said if we should get killed we would meet in Heaven. There never was a better Christian and a braver soldier than your Son Samuel Smith. he was loved by all that new him. Oh, he was a noble Boy. I never will ferget him for his kindness towards me. we were Brothers. I can scasiely [scarcely] write for I feal so sad. I feal sorry for you all but you must bare it the best you can and I hope you all will meet him in Heaven where there is no war and all is peace.

If there is any thing I have left out and you want to know please write and I will answer all your questions. I have been wounded twice this summer but not dangerous. I am thankful that it was no worse, first by a shell and last by a musket ball which cut the back part of my head and ear. I am doing well and am in hopes a few days will find me well.

Your Friend and Obet Servt

R P Barber

Nelson Diary

Tuesday 30

Started early from where we have been lying since Sunday evening. Marched several miles in a S.east direction. Built breastworks.

Colonel Caleb Carlton Letter near Jonesboro

Camp seven miles from Jonesboro Ga

August 30th 1864

My Dear Little Wife

Your favors of 18th & 20th arrived today unexpectedly (to me at least) as we thought we had no safe communication with the North. We have had a hard march today the rebel cavalry keeping ahead of and exchanging shots with us occasionally all day – nobody hurt on our side and we captured a few of them. We evidently are unexpected guests in this part of the country. Roasting ears, sweet potatoes and an occasional chicken or peach makes a very agreeable variety for us. There is a great deal of straggling and looseness in this army more than I ever saw before. What little discipline there is will go to the devil soon if not attended to at once. – So Capt. Hunt is coming down again. I have not seen his regiment since I have been here in fact have not seen a single regiment of cavalry. Why are you so anxious about the fair Alice. I think he understands her character.

Sam Jones I dont like. I pity him because he was badly brought up and was forced to be what he is, at the same time my pity for him does not conceal the fact that he is selfish and unprincipled – He is much improved in polish and can be easier tolerated than formerly. If you want something to do you can make me another pair of slippers. I carry the pair you made for me and find them a great relief after all day in my riding boots. They are wearing out rapidly- We have a queer little bug in (perhaps I told you how they worried poor Jones last year) this country a little blood red thing about the size of the point of a pin- it gets under the skin and worries a person immensely. I don’t think even the Generals can keep free of them – everybody has a recipe to kill them – but nothing seems to answer except scratching and keeping out of the woods- neither can be kept up at all times- some call them Jiggers and some Chiggers.

I have received a letter from Col. Glenn he expects to join us soon- If the regiment could get a leave now they would re-enlist without trouble but it would be impossible at present. If this is a successful trip I think the campaign will end at least for three or four weeks. About church matters do as you please my preference is for the Episcopal but not particularly strong - My valise arrived a day or two since- very opportunely- you remember the bale of tobacco we stowed away so nicely in it. I have been sponging on everybody for the last two weeks and am now in a condition to repay. Did I mention that I directed Charles to leave my things with Capt. Brayton in Louisville Ky. I wrote to Father several days ago – Give my love to the family. I wish Mary would send for Jane.

Your loving husband

Cale

Nelson Diary

Wednesday, August 31, 1864

Moved forward, east, a mile. Built works. Moved again 1 ½ miles, built works. Went to R.R. on S. line, retreated. Advanced again after night. Relieved about midnight. Built breastworks on R.R. Built S. line of breastworks E. of S. pits. Tired. Got a darkie.